Mutual Funds

Rainier International Discovery Series

Investment Objective

To provide investors with long-term capital appreciation by investing primarily in the common stock of small- to mid-capitalization companies located outside the U.S.

Investment Strategy

The Series is primarily invested in the common stock of small- and mid-capitalization companies traded outside the U.S. Rainier typically selects investments that fall within the market capitalization range of the MSCI ACWI ex USA Small Cap Index at the time of purchase. The Team will invest in any type of company whether it is in the index or not, as long as it is within the market cap range and fits the investment objectives. To control risk, extreme overweighting or underweighting of the Series relative to the Index is normally avoided.

Investment decisions are based on fundamental analysis, which emphasizes bottom-up stock selection of companies that exhibit strong growth, clear key earnings drivers and attractive valuations. The investment team evaluates companies across all sectors and regions using this growth and valuation criteria.

May be Appropriate for Investors

  • Seeking a long-term (15 years or more) investment and who are willing to accept the risk of investing in foreign equity securities
  • Seeking to diversify a portfolio by adding a foreign equity component

Daily Price

$29.12

Daily $ Change

-$0.27

Daily % Change

-0.93%

as of 03/13/2026

Ticker

RAIRX

CUSIP

56382R662

Inception Date

08/21/2017

Investment Minimum

$1,000,000.00

Investment minimum may be waived for certain qualified retirement plans and discretionary investment accounts of the Advisor. Prior to 07/12/2018, the Class Z shares of the Rainier International Discovery Series were designated as the Class R6 shares.

Important Documents

Summary Prospectus
Prospectus
Statement of Additional Information
Annual Report
Semi-Annual Report
Proxy Voting Record
Applications & Forms
Fact Sheet
N-Port Part F Reports
Financial Statements and Other Information

Performance

As of 02/28/2026

YTD

11.24%

1 Year

39.11%

3 Year

13.34%

5 Year

3.81%

10 Year

9.77%

Inception
(03/28/2012)

10.71%

Performance data quoted represents past performance and does not guarantee future results. Performance for periods greater than one year is annualized. The investment return and principal value of an investment will fluctuate, so that an investor’s shares, when redeemed, may be worth more or less than their original cost. Current performance may be higher or lower than that quoted.

For periods prior to 08/21/2017, performance for Class Z is based on the historical performance of the Institutional Shares of the Rainier International Discovery Fund (Predecessor Fund), which was managed by Rainier Investment Management, LLC and reorganized into the Manning & Napier Fund, Inc. Rainier International Discovery Series Class I on 08/21/2017. Performance for the Class Z shares will differ to the extent that the Predecessor Fund’s Institutional Shares had a higher expense ratio.

Expense Ratio

Gross 1.06%
Net 1.01%*

*Reflects the Advisor’s contractual agreement to limit its fees and reimburse certain expenses. The contractual waiver may not be amended or terminated without the prior approval of the Fund’s Board of Directors.

Top Ten Investments

As of 02/28/2026

SOJITZ 3.81%
OR Royalties Inc. COM 3.01%
BABCOCK INTL GROUP ORD GBP0.60 2.60%
MEBUKIFINANCIAL G NPV 2.51%
EURONEXT EUR1.60 2.49%
SWCC SHOWA HOLDING NPV 2.33%
DEFINITY FINL CORP COM NPV 2.23%
ALK-ABELLO A/S SERBDKK0.50 2.15%
KYOTO FINANCIAL GR NPV 2.15%
ALTIUS MINERALS CO COM NPV 2.14%

Top Ten Investments list is unaudited and excludes cash.

Country Allocation

As of 02/28/2026

Japan
26.53%
Canada
14.01%
United Kingdom
10.17%
Denmark
8.62%
Sweden
5.26%
Australia
4.30%
South Korea
4.11%
Netherlands
4.02%
India
3.36%
China
3.10%
Taiwan
2.33%
France
2.09%
Poland
1.92%
Switzerland
1.89%
Germany
1.84%
Finland
1.53%
Israel
1.48%
Greece
1.05%
Malaysia
0.93%
Italy
0.59%
Brazil
0.47%
Austria
0.40%

Sector Allocation

As of 02/28/2026

Industrials
35.95%
Financials
20.85%
Materials
12.05%
Information Technology
11.69%
Health Care
5.36%
Energy
3.77%
Consumer Discretionary
3.19%
Communication Services
2.59%
Real Estate
2.14%
Utilities
1.44%
Consumer Staples
0.98%

The Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS) was developed by and is the exclusive property and a service mark of MSCI Inc. (MSCI) and Standard & Poor’s, a division of S&P Global Inc. (S&P), and is licensed for use by Manning & Napier when referencing GICS sectors. Neither MSCI, S&P, nor any third party involved in making or compiling the GICS or any GICS classifications makes any express or implied warranties or representations with respect to such standard or classification, nor shall any such party have any liability therefrom.

Security Description Country Ticker Shares/Par Market Value (USD)
360 ONE WAM LTD INR1(POST SUBD) IN 243,471 $2,951,050.10
ALK-ABELLO A/S SERBDKK0.50 DK 242,246 $8,437,265.87
ALM. BRAND DKK1 DK 1,352,037 $3,510,424.76
ALS LIMITED NPV AU 343,167 $6,265,575.00
ALTIUS MINERALS CO COM NPV CA 236,826 $8,367,961.98
ASPEED TECHNOLOGY TWD10 TW 23,000 $7,172,070.74
AUTO1 GRP NPV DE 109,018 $2,213,941.90
BABCOCK INTL GROUP ORD GBP0.60 GB 559,473 $10,169,520.58
BE SEMICONDUCTOR EUR0.01 NL 25,885 $5,788,522.25
BENEFIT SYSTEMS SA PLN1.00 PL 2,603 $2,823,289.44
BRUNELLO CUCINELLI NPV IT 23,407 $2,275,601.34
BUDIMEX SA PLN5.00 PL 20,429 $4,614,558.66
CES ENERGY SOLUTIO COM NPV CA 286,176 $3,531,430.93
CLASSYS INC KRW100 KR 56,577 $2,296,904.27
CLOUD MUSIC INC USD0.0001 HK 59,400 $1,174,004.59
COMET HOLDINGS CHF1 (REGD) CH 7,667 $2,966,906.18
COWELL E HOLDINGS USD0.004 HK 746,743 $2,676,843.80
CTS EVENTIM NPV DE 22,630 $1,839,619.74
CURY CONST E INCO COM NPV BR 238,746 $1,809,094.46
DAIEI KANKYO CO LT NPV JP 189,500 $4,685,156.12
DEFINITY FINL CORP COM NPV CA 174,831 $8,752,766.57
DIPLOMA ORD GBP0.05 GB 89,054 $6,794,600.90
ELEMENT FLEET MGMT COM NPV CA 84,146 $2,004,548.55
EMBASSY OFFICE PAR NPV (REIT) IN 314,008 $1,469,112.71
EURONEXT EUR1.60 FR 59,040 $9,759,193.92
FINNING INTL INC COM NPV CA 47,949 $3,233,046.19
FLSMIDTH N CO. A/S DK 66,099 $5,854,691.77
FUKUOKA FINANCIAL GROUP JP 133,800 $5,864,489.35
FUSO CHEMICAL CO NPV JP 129,700 $7,975,148.12
GTT EUR0.01 FR 35,583 $8,091,674.54
HALMA ORD GBP0.10 GB 130,832 $7,359,533.93
HARBIN POWER EQPMT 'H'CNY1 HK 1,602,000 $5,771,349.31
HD HYUNDAI MARIN.S KRW500 KR 19,194 $2,459,127.01
HELIOS TOWERS PLC ORD GBP0.01 GB 1,461,240 $3,938,951.06
HOWDEN JOINERY GR ORD GBP0.10 GB 239,983 $3,129,657.90
HYOSUNG HEAVY INDU KRW5000 KR 2,202 $4,321,338.89
IMDEX LTD NPV AU 1,798,877 $5,448,371.20
JAPAN ELEVATOR SER NPV JP 543,300 $5,646,144.12
JAPAN STEEL WORKS JP 78,400 $5,132,092.87
JBCC HOLDINGS INC NPV JP 324,409 $2,813,449.39
KINAXIS INC COM NPV CA 14,496 $1,376,527.45
KINGDEE INTL SOFTW HKD0.025 HK 1,831,000 $2,357,174.18
KONECRANES OYJ NPV FI 49,994 $5,920,499.95
KYOTO FINANCIAL GR NPV JP 339,300 $8,425,723.62
LAGERCRANTZ GROUP AB-B SHS LAGRB SE0014990966 SE 284,258 $6,956,328.15
LEMON TREE HOTELS INR10 IN 1,714,894 $2,141,349.62
MAX HEALTHCARE INS INR10 IN 174,927 $2,099,191.30
MEBUKIFINANCIAL G NPV JP 1,142,600 $9,828,738.51
MILDEF GROUP AB NPV SE 74,316 $1,075,706.51
MITSUI ENG N SHIPBUILDING JP 133,200 $6,719,508.09
MNC SOLUTION CO LT KRW100 KR 18,192 $1,659,221.69
MULTI COMMODITY EX INR2(POST SUBD) IN 184,252 $4,950,482.97
MUNTERS GROUP AB NPV SE 100,886 $2,118,890.01
NABTESCO CORP JP 92,800 $3,021,312.41
NEXT VISION STABIL NPV IL 50,272 $5,738,545.55
NHPC LTD INR10 IN 1,816,852 $1,504,985.83
NIKON CORP JP 189,100 $2,418,784.31
NOMURA REAL ESTATE HOLDINGS JP 207,600 $1,545,780.62
NORDNET AB NPV SE 146,621 $4,647,618.87
OR Royalties Inc. COM CA 248,610 $11,781,108.11
ORICA LIMITED NPV AU 144,673 $2,517,731.63
PHARMAESSENTIA COR TWD10 TW 79,559 $1,846,800.66
PNB HOUSING INR10 IN 308,900 $2,814,100.60
PRO MEDICUS NPV AU 25,738 $2,384,484.14
PUBLIC POWER CORP GR 181,726 $4,055,257.49
RINGKJOBING LNDOBK DKK1 DK 22,630 $5,911,408.03
ROYAL UNIBREW A/S DKK2 DK 38,483 $3,788,702.43
SCOUT24 AG NPV DE 36,034 $3,073,901.09
SINFONIA TECHNOLOG NPV JP 64,700 $5,461,943.95
SOJITZ JP 329,400 $14,937,722.98
SSAB AB SE 627,683 $5,557,080.89
ST JAMES'S PLACE ORD GBP0.15 GB 439,033 $7,968,481.88
ST PHARM CO LTD KRW500 KR 34,801 $3,684,527.14
SWCC SHOWA HOLDING NPV JP 92,400 $9,143,827.06
SWISSQUOTE GP HLDG CHF0.20 (REGD) CH 8,129 $4,352,801.77
SYDBANK DKK10 DK 65,509 $5,859,370.10
TAMARACK VALLEY EN COM NPV CA 395,182 $2,952,600.78
TFI INTERNATIONAL COM NPV CA 22,922 $2,739,009.67
THK JP 103,900 $3,751,380.62
TOREX GOLD RES INC COM NPV (POST REV SPLT) CA 56,018 $3,413,612.92
TOROMONT INDUSTRIE COM STK NPV CA 38,911 $6,039,856.80
TOSEI CORPORATION NPV JP 496,500 $5,247,237.79
US DOLLARS US USD 13,283,189.02 $13,283,189.02
WESTPORTS HOLDINGS MYR0.1 MY 2,265,800 $3,581,256.75
WIENERBERGER AG NPV AT 47,667 $1,564,595.87
WOONGJIN COWAY KR 26,089 $1,485,359.12

Investments will change over time.

Distributions

  • 2026 Distribution Calendar
  • 2026 Distributions
  • 2025 Distributions
  • 2024 Distributions
  • 2023 Distributions
  • 2022 Distributions
  • Tax Letter

A Word About Risk

All investments involve risks, including possible loss of principal. As with any stock fund, the value of your investment will fluctuate in response to stock market movements. Small- and medium-capitalization companies tend to have limited liquidity and greater price volatility than large-capitalization companies. Funds whose investments are concentrated in foreign and emerging market countries may be subject to fluctuating currency values, different accounting standards, and economic and political instability. The value of the Series may be affected by changes in exchange rates between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar. Investments in emerging markets may be more volatile than investments in more developed markets. Additionally, the Series is subject to portfolio turnover risk as it may buy and sell investments frequently, which may result in higher expenses and an increase in realized capital gains and potential tax implications for shareholders.

Daily Price

$29.12

Daily $ Change

-$0.27

Daily % Change

-0.93%

as of 03/13/2026

Ticker

RAIRX

CUSIP

56382R662

Inception Date

08/21/2017

Investment Minimum

$1,000,000.00

Investment minimum may be waived for certain qualified retirement plans and discretionary investment accounts of the Advisor. Prior to 07/12/2018, the Class Z shares of the Rainier International Discovery Series were designated as the Class R6 shares.

Important Documents

Summary Prospectus
Prospectus
Statement of Additional Information
Annual Report
Semi-Annual Report
Proxy Voting Record
Applications & Forms
Fact Sheet
N-Port Part F Reports
Financial Statements and Other Information

Investment Objective

To provide investors with long-term capital appreciation by investing primarily in the common stock of small- to mid-capitalization companies located outside the U.S.

Investment Strategy

The Series is primarily invested in the common stock of small- and mid-capitalization companies traded outside the U.S. Rainier typically selects investments that fall within the market capitalization range of the MSCI ACWI ex USA Small Cap Index at the time of purchase. The Team will invest in any type of company whether it is in the index or not, as long as it is within the market cap range and fits the investment objectives. To control risk, extreme overweighting or underweighting of the Series relative to the Index is normally avoided.

Investment decisions are based on fundamental analysis, which emphasizes bottom-up stock selection of companies that exhibit strong growth, clear key earnings drivers and attractive valuations. The investment team evaluates companies across all sectors and regions using this growth and valuation criteria.

May be Appropriate for Investors

  • Seeking a long-term (15 years or more) investment and who are willing to accept the risk of investing in foreign equity securities
  • Seeking to diversify a portfolio by adding a foreign equity component

Performance

As of 02/28/2026

YTD

11.24%

1 Year

39.11%

3 Year

13.34%

5 Year

3.81%

10 Year

9.77%

Inception
(03/28/2012)

10.71%

Performance data quoted represents past performance and does not guarantee future results. Performance for periods greater than one year is annualized. The investment return and principal value of an investment will fluctuate, so that an investor’s shares, when redeemed, may be worth more or less than their original cost. Current performance may be higher or lower than that quoted.

For periods prior to 08/21/2017, performance for Class Z is based on the historical performance of the Institutional Shares of the Rainier International Discovery Fund (Predecessor Fund), which was managed by Rainier Investment Management, LLC and reorganized into the Manning & Napier Fund, Inc. Rainier International Discovery Series Class I on 08/21/2017. Performance for the Class Z shares will differ to the extent that the Predecessor Fund’s Institutional Shares had a higher expense ratio.

Expense Ratio

Gross 1.06%
Net 1.01%*

*Reflects the Advisor’s contractual agreement to limit its fees and reimburse certain expenses. The contractual waiver may not be amended or terminated without the prior approval of the Fund’s Board of Directors.

Top Ten Investments

As of 02/28/2026

SOJITZ 3.81%
OR Royalties Inc. COM 3.01%
BABCOCK INTL GROUP ORD GBP0.60 2.60%
MEBUKIFINANCIAL G NPV 2.51%
EURONEXT EUR1.60 2.49%
SWCC SHOWA HOLDING NPV 2.33%
DEFINITY FINL CORP COM NPV 2.23%
ALK-ABELLO A/S SERBDKK0.50 2.15%
KYOTO FINANCIAL GR NPV 2.15%
ALTIUS MINERALS CO COM NPV 2.14%

Top Ten Investments list is unaudited and excludes cash.

Country Allocation

As of 02/28/2026

Japan
26.53%
Canada
14.01%
United Kingdom
10.17%
Denmark
8.62%
Sweden
5.26%
Australia
4.30%
South Korea
4.11%
Netherlands
4.02%
India
3.36%
China
3.10%
Taiwan
2.33%
France
2.09%
Poland
1.92%
Switzerland
1.89%
Germany
1.84%
Finland
1.53%
Israel
1.48%
Greece
1.05%
Malaysia
0.93%
Italy
0.59%
Brazil
0.47%
Austria
0.40%

Sector Allocation

As of 02/28/2026

Industrials
35.95%
Financials
20.85%
Materials
12.05%
Information Technology
11.69%
Health Care
5.36%
Energy
3.77%
Consumer Discretionary
3.19%
Communication Services
2.59%
Real Estate
2.14%
Utilities
1.44%
Consumer Staples
0.98%

The Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS) was developed by and is the exclusive property and a service mark of MSCI Inc. (MSCI) and Standard & Poor’s, a division of S&P Global Inc. (S&P), and is licensed for use by Manning & Napier when referencing GICS sectors. Neither MSCI, S&P, nor any third party involved in making or compiling the GICS or any GICS classifications makes any express or implied warranties or representations with respect to such standard or classification, nor shall any such party have any liability therefrom.

Security Description Country Ticker Shares/Par Market Value (USD)
360 ONE WAM LTD INR1(POST SUBD) IN 243,471 $2,951,050.10
ALK-ABELLO A/S SERBDKK0.50 DK 242,246 $8,437,265.87
ALM. BRAND DKK1 DK 1,352,037 $3,510,424.76
ALS LIMITED NPV AU 343,167 $6,265,575.00
ALTIUS MINERALS CO COM NPV CA 236,826 $8,367,961.98
ASPEED TECHNOLOGY TWD10 TW 23,000 $7,172,070.74
AUTO1 GRP NPV DE 109,018 $2,213,941.90
BABCOCK INTL GROUP ORD GBP0.60 GB 559,473 $10,169,520.58
BE SEMICONDUCTOR EUR0.01 NL 25,885 $5,788,522.25
BENEFIT SYSTEMS SA PLN1.00 PL 2,603 $2,823,289.44
BRUNELLO CUCINELLI NPV IT 23,407 $2,275,601.34
BUDIMEX SA PLN5.00 PL 20,429 $4,614,558.66
CES ENERGY SOLUTIO COM NPV CA 286,176 $3,531,430.93
CLASSYS INC KRW100 KR 56,577 $2,296,904.27
CLOUD MUSIC INC USD0.0001 HK 59,400 $1,174,004.59
COMET HOLDINGS CHF1 (REGD) CH 7,667 $2,966,906.18
COWELL E HOLDINGS USD0.004 HK 746,743 $2,676,843.80
CTS EVENTIM NPV DE 22,630 $1,839,619.74
CURY CONST E INCO COM NPV BR 238,746 $1,809,094.46
DAIEI KANKYO CO LT NPV JP 189,500 $4,685,156.12
DEFINITY FINL CORP COM NPV CA 174,831 $8,752,766.57
DIPLOMA ORD GBP0.05 GB 89,054 $6,794,600.90
ELEMENT FLEET MGMT COM NPV CA 84,146 $2,004,548.55
EMBASSY OFFICE PAR NPV (REIT) IN 314,008 $1,469,112.71
EURONEXT EUR1.60 FR 59,040 $9,759,193.92
FINNING INTL INC COM NPV CA 47,949 $3,233,046.19
FLSMIDTH N CO. A/S DK 66,099 $5,854,691.77
FUKUOKA FINANCIAL GROUP JP 133,800 $5,864,489.35
FUSO CHEMICAL CO NPV JP 129,700 $7,975,148.12
GTT EUR0.01 FR 35,583 $8,091,674.54
HALMA ORD GBP0.10 GB 130,832 $7,359,533.93
HARBIN POWER EQPMT 'H'CNY1 HK 1,602,000 $5,771,349.31
HD HYUNDAI MARIN.S KRW500 KR 19,194 $2,459,127.01
HELIOS TOWERS PLC ORD GBP0.01 GB 1,461,240 $3,938,951.06
HOWDEN JOINERY GR ORD GBP0.10 GB 239,983 $3,129,657.90
HYOSUNG HEAVY INDU KRW5000 KR 2,202 $4,321,338.89
IMDEX LTD NPV AU 1,798,877 $5,448,371.20
JAPAN ELEVATOR SER NPV JP 543,300 $5,646,144.12
JAPAN STEEL WORKS JP 78,400 $5,132,092.87
JBCC HOLDINGS INC NPV JP 324,409 $2,813,449.39
KINAXIS INC COM NPV CA 14,496 $1,376,527.45
KINGDEE INTL SOFTW HKD0.025 HK 1,831,000 $2,357,174.18
KONECRANES OYJ NPV FI 49,994 $5,920,499.95
KYOTO FINANCIAL GR NPV JP 339,300 $8,425,723.62
LAGERCRANTZ GROUP AB-B SHS LAGRB SE0014990966 SE 284,258 $6,956,328.15
LEMON TREE HOTELS INR10 IN 1,714,894 $2,141,349.62
MAX HEALTHCARE INS INR10 IN 174,927 $2,099,191.30
MEBUKIFINANCIAL G NPV JP 1,142,600 $9,828,738.51
MILDEF GROUP AB NPV SE 74,316 $1,075,706.51
MITSUI ENG N SHIPBUILDING JP 133,200 $6,719,508.09
MNC SOLUTION CO LT KRW100 KR 18,192 $1,659,221.69
MULTI COMMODITY EX INR2(POST SUBD) IN 184,252 $4,950,482.97
MUNTERS GROUP AB NPV SE 100,886 $2,118,890.01
NABTESCO CORP JP 92,800 $3,021,312.41
NEXT VISION STABIL NPV IL 50,272 $5,738,545.55
NHPC LTD INR10 IN 1,816,852 $1,504,985.83
NIKON CORP JP 189,100 $2,418,784.31
NOMURA REAL ESTATE HOLDINGS JP 207,600 $1,545,780.62
NORDNET AB NPV SE 146,621 $4,647,618.87
OR Royalties Inc. COM CA 248,610 $11,781,108.11
ORICA LIMITED NPV AU 144,673 $2,517,731.63
PHARMAESSENTIA COR TWD10 TW 79,559 $1,846,800.66
PNB HOUSING INR10 IN 308,900 $2,814,100.60
PRO MEDICUS NPV AU 25,738 $2,384,484.14
PUBLIC POWER CORP GR 181,726 $4,055,257.49
RINGKJOBING LNDOBK DKK1 DK 22,630 $5,911,408.03
ROYAL UNIBREW A/S DKK2 DK 38,483 $3,788,702.43
SCOUT24 AG NPV DE 36,034 $3,073,901.09
SINFONIA TECHNOLOG NPV JP 64,700 $5,461,943.95
SOJITZ JP 329,400 $14,937,722.98
SSAB AB SE 627,683 $5,557,080.89
ST JAMES'S PLACE ORD GBP0.15 GB 439,033 $7,968,481.88
ST PHARM CO LTD KRW500 KR 34,801 $3,684,527.14
SWCC SHOWA HOLDING NPV JP 92,400 $9,143,827.06
SWISSQUOTE GP HLDG CHF0.20 (REGD) CH 8,129 $4,352,801.77
SYDBANK DKK10 DK 65,509 $5,859,370.10
TAMARACK VALLEY EN COM NPV CA 395,182 $2,952,600.78
TFI INTERNATIONAL COM NPV CA 22,922 $2,739,009.67
THK JP 103,900 $3,751,380.62
TOREX GOLD RES INC COM NPV (POST REV SPLT) CA 56,018 $3,413,612.92
TOROMONT INDUSTRIE COM STK NPV CA 38,911 $6,039,856.80
TOSEI CORPORATION NPV JP 496,500 $5,247,237.79
US DOLLARS US USD 13,283,189.02 $13,283,189.02
WESTPORTS HOLDINGS MYR0.1 MY 2,265,800 $3,581,256.75
WIENERBERGER AG NPV AT 47,667 $1,564,595.87
WOONGJIN COWAY KR 26,089 $1,485,359.12

Investments will change over time.

Distributions

  • 2026 Distribution Calendar
  • 2026 Distributions
  • 2025 Distributions
  • 2024 Distributions
  • 2023 Distributions
  • 2022 Distributions
  • Tax Letter

A Word About Risk

All investments involve risks, including possible loss of principal. As with any stock fund, the value of your investment will fluctuate in response to stock market movements. Small- and medium-capitalization companies tend to have limited liquidity and greater price volatility than large-capitalization companies. Funds whose investments are concentrated in foreign and emerging market countries may be subject to fluctuating currency values, different accounting standards, and economic and political instability. The value of the Series may be affected by changes in exchange rates between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar. Investments in emerging markets may be more volatile than investments in more developed markets. Additionally, the Series is subject to portfolio turnover risk as it may buy and sell investments frequently, which may result in higher expenses and an increase in realized capital gains and potential tax implications for shareholders.

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